Öz
Premenopozal dönemdeki kadınlarda düşük kemik kütlesi ve travma kaynaklı kırıklar, östrojen eksikliği, glukokortikoid maruziyeti, malabsorpsiyon veya hiperparatiroidizm gibi ikincil nedenlere bağlı olabilir. Ancak menopoz geçiş dönemi ve menopoz sırasında temel neden, östrojen hormonundaki azalmadır. Menopoza geçiş, son adet döneminden yaklaşık dört yıl önce başlar. Zamanla, güçlü bir östrojen olan estradiolün overlerdeki üretimi ve salınımı azalır. İskelet sisteminde bu eksiklik, süngerimsi ve kortikal kemik kaybına; kas sisteminde ise kas kütlesi ve kasılma proteinleri yoluyla kas gücünde azalmaya neden olur. Endokrin ve parakrin dokular olan kas ve kemik dokularındaki mikro ve makro düzeydeki kayıplar, perimenopoz döneminde başlar. Bu makalede, menopozun neden olduğu kas-iskelet değişikliklerinin deneysel sıçan modellerinde değerlendirilmesi ve farklı tedavi yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Östrojen eksikliğinin kas ve kemik üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin, bu eksikliği gidermek için çeşitli terapötik stratejilerle araştırıldığı bildirilmiştir. Myostatin, irisin, likopen, sedef, Superjami pirinci ve annatto tokotrienol gibi çeşitli bileşiklerin menopoz sonrası kas ve kemik sağlığını iyileştirme potansiyeline sahip olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca, östrojenin kas satelit hücrelerini destekleme, mitokondriyal fonksiyonu iyileştirme ve kemik yıkımını önleme gibi önemli roller oynadığı vurgulanmıştır. Her bir çalışmada, menopozun etkilerini farklı yollar ve moleküller aracılığıyla azaltmaya yönelik çabaların ele alındığı belirtilmiştir. Bu bulguların, postmenopozal dönemde kas-iskelet sağlığının korunması ve tedavi alternatiflerinin geliştirilmesi açısından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu ifade edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Menopoz, kas-iskelet sistemi, sıçan modelleri
Kaynakça
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